Among the analytical methods, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and others were used. The influence of the content of the carbon-based nanoadditives on the mechanical, macro- and micro-structural, chemical and physical properties was analyzed. These materials were studied in order to create a possible alternative to the commonly used Portland cement (PC) with sufficient water resistance and very good mechanical properties. In this study a novel high-performance construction composites based on MOC (magnesium oxychloride cement) co-doped by graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were developed. It is evident from the study that eco-friendly materials are the effective alternatives to promote carbon neutrality. Enormous amounts of embodied carbon emissions were observed and an alternative approach of using sustainable materials such as Ferrock, recycled steel, etc. This study focuses on a case of a two-storey commercial structure located in Hyderabad, Telangana State in India to ascertain specifically the embodied carbon released during different stages of construction using standard empirical formulae. Carbon emissions be reduced by implementing modernization and sustainability in building design typically with greater use of material resources such as recycled steel, recycled concrete using the circular economy concepts and automation tools. Every stage of construction process from raw material extraction to demolition is responsible for carbon emissions in the form of either embodied or operational carbon. On an average the specific gravity of cement is 3.Construction industry adds more than 35 percent of global emissions through the entire lifecycle procedure of the structure. For mixture proportioning, it may be more useful to express the density as relative density (specific gravity). The particle density of Portland cement ranges from 3.10 to 3.25 Mg/m³, averaging 3.15 Mg/m³. The mass of a unit volume of the solids or particles, excluding air between particles. To determine the specific gravity of cement, kerosene which does not recent with cement is used (which means kerosene does not react with cement). WHY KEROSENE IS USED IN SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT? Specific gravity is normally defined as the ratio between the weight of a given volume of material and weight of an equal volume of water. Specific gravity of the cement will differ if it is exposed to extremely moisture content (weather), due to moisture content present in the pores. So it is essential to determine the specific gravity of cement before using it. The value will change over time if the cement is exposed to various weather conditions. Generally nominal Mix design is based on the value of specific gravity of cement as 3.15. Specific gravity of cement is tested in order to know the various atmospheric effects on the moisture content of a cement. WHY DO WE PERFORM SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST OF CEMENT? To get more accurate result, the flask should be held in a constant temperature before each reading is taken.Duplicate determination of specific gravity should agree within 0.01.Specific gravity of cement = (Weight of cement/ Weight of equal volume of water) Weight of equal of water= (V2-V1) x specific weight of water. Note down the new liquid level as final reading. After putting all the cement to the flask, roll the flask gently in an inclined position to expel air until no further air bubble rises to the surface of the liquid.Put a weighted quantity of cement (about 60 gm) into the flask so that level of kerosene rise to about 22 ml mark, care being taken to avoid splashing and to see that cement does not adhere to the sides of the above the liquid.Record the level of the liquid in the flask as initial reading.Dry the flask carefully and fill with kerosene or naphtha to a point on the stem between zero and 1 ml.The portion above 24 ml mark is in the form of a funnel of diameter 5 cm.k. At 1 cm from bulb, the stem is marked with 18 ml and is grated up to 24 ml. At 2 cm from the zero, there is another bulb is of length 3.5 cm and capacity 17 ml.

The zero graduation is at a distance of 8.8 cm from the top of the bulb. The capacity of the bulb is nearly 250 ml. Le Chaterliers flask is made of thin glass having a bulb at the bottom.Weighing balance and kerosene (free from water).To determine specific gravity of cement value

Portland cement specific gravity lab